小学英语 基础语法总结(附练习)

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

小学英语 基础语法总结

（附练习）

Contents

第一章 名词

1. 名词的数

2. 名词的格

第二章 代词

1. 人称代词

2. 物主代词

第三章 冠词 与 数词

1. 冠词

2. 数词

第四章 句型

1． 陈述句

2． 疑问句

3． 祈使句

4、There be 句型与have has

第五章 时态

第六章 总结考试

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*红字及红字所示范围内的语法知识需重点掌握

第一章 名词 （Noun）

名词的概念

在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就

是名词。

一、名词的数

名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”

时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a

piece of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of

bread(两片面包)。

*名词复数的构成法则

1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音

shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 [ s ]

bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 [ z ]

window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读 [ z ]

2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。

class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]

box --- boxes (盒子)

match --- matches (比赛)

brush --- brushes (刷子)

3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es.

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story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ]

4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s

key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ]

monkey --- monkeys

5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es”

tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ]

potato --- potatoes (土豆)

zoo --- zoos (动物园)

photo --- photos (照片)

*（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀：

黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，

头顶一个大芒果（mango）。

6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.

leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ]

knife --- knives ( 小刀)

*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：

妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）

保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。

*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：

长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球

(golf)。

例： roof --- roofs ( 屋顶)

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7. 不规则名词复数的变化

man --- men (男人) tooth ---teeth (牙齿)

child --- children (儿童) mouse --- mice(老鼠)

foot --- feet (脚) woman --- women (女人)

8. 名词单复数形式一样

sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿）

English --- English（英国人） Chinese --- Chinese （中国人）

*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：

男人，女人a变e；

鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；

其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；

孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。

二、名词所有格的构成法（表示“谁谁谁的”）

1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如:

This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。

That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。

2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如:

the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室

the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒

3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：

the children’s palace 少年宫

men’s room 男厕所

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*名词所有格口诀：

名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，

后面只加一个撇。

名词练习题

一、 写出下列名词的复数形式

er __________ ____________ _____________

___________ ___________ ____________

___________ ___________ ____________

___________ ___________ ____________

_______________________ ____________

_________________________ ____________

______________________________________

__________fly_______________________

______________________________________

h____________________________________

二、汉译英

1．Tom的足球 _________________

2. 老师们的自行车_________________

3．学生们的课桌 _____________________

4.哥哥的文具盒_______________________

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5．姑姑的卡片 ___________________

6.猴子们的香蕉___________________

7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________

8.妈妈的包___________________

9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________

10.女孩们的苹果_________________

三、把下列句子翻译成英文

1．这些是Peter的篮球吗？

________________________________________

2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？

___________________________________________

3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。

________________________________________

4．有一些孩子们在教室里。

___________________________________________

四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）

are some butterflys on the table.

_____________________________________

is Alice dress. ______________________

3.I like tomato very much. __________________

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五、将下列句子变成复数形式。

1．This dog is brown.

___________________________________________________

2. There is a book and a pen on the table.

___________________________________________________

woman is a teacher.

___________________________________________________

能力测试卷 （名词）

一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。

tree lesson

month apple shirt

2. box bus brush

watch class fox

life leaf

Wife thief

boy monkey

baby country story

radio piano

tomato hero

tooth man

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Sheep English Chinese

二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ”

1．The house is my brother. ________________________

2. He has visited many country. ______________________

3. They are Englishs. ______________________________

4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________

三、选择填空

1．There are two ______ in the room.

A. Chineses B. Englishman

old man will have ___________ out.

A. two tooths B. two teeth

3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.

A. Children’s books B. Children books

4. Some friends of _________ will come here.

A. John’s B. John

5. Can you give me ______________?

A. some papers B. a piece of paper

are ______________ on the floor.

A. some box B. some boxes

四、将下列句子变成复数形式。

1．This sheep is white.

___________________________________________________

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2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.

___________________________________________________

man is a doctor.

___________________________________________________

第二章 代词

*体现以上代词用法的巧妙例文：I am a is a is a

are my are very are playing in the park is

a long snake.I am going to the supermarket are a polite is my

elder always good at sports This is her coat is over

friends of mine is coming to my key is car is

dress is long dress is books are bikes are

friends are book is toys are house is big house

is ours.

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代词练习题

一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Mary is a friend of ______________. ( I )

2. This is ________ ( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag.

3. Her brother is too young to look after _________ ( he )

4. This is _________ ( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ).

5. These pens are _________ ( we ).

二、改写下列句子

Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine.

1. That is her ruler. _________________________________

2. These are their footballs. __________________________________

3. This is my backpack . ____________________________________

4. Those are your boxes. ____________________________________

四、把下列句子改写成复数。

1. This is a butterfly. ____________________________________________

2. That is a bus. ________________________________________________

3. It is a mouse. ________________________________________________

五、改错。

is mine lamp. ___________________________________________

are ours books.____________________________________________

3. That are their teacher. ___________________________________________

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house is my brother. ________________________

5. He has visited many country. ______________________

6. They are Chineses. ______________________________

7. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________

能力测试卷 （代词）

一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）

I 她

its 我们

her 他（她，它）们

we 我

they 你的

their 他（她，它）们

your 她的

she 它的

二、填空

1．She’s a teacher . This is _________ bag.

2. He’s a driver. This is ___________ taxi.

3. I am a boy . __________ name is Peter.

4. --What’s __________ name?

-- My name is Tony.

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5. It’s my puppy. ______ name is Mimi.

三、选择

( ) book is not so old as _________.

A. him B. he C. his D. she

( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It’s ________.

A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her

( ) 3. He is a friend of ________.

A. our B. us C. my D. mine

四、改错

1. I, you and he are all teachers.

______________________________________________________

2. This is mine teddy bear.

______________________________________________________

3. These are ours bags.

______________________________________________________

4. These is their teachers.

______________________________________________________

第三章 数词和冠词

（*直接见基础词汇分类总结，找规律背记即可）

一、数词

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词

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表示顺序。

1.基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。

例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine

百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。

例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and

forty-eight

2．序数词的构成

1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，

four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth

seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth

2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，

one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth

eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth

3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例，

twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth

forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth

1） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，

twenty –one ------ twenty- first

thirty-five ------thirty-fifth

a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third

*基数词变序数词的口诀：

基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）

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一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）

八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）

整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；

要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。

二、冠词

冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音

音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音(a e i o u)因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an

English book.

1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。

She is a teacher. That’s an orange.

2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的

人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。

This is a bus. The bus is big.

3. 不用冠词的情况：

1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，

Chinese, English, Jim等。

2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，

that mouse (那只老鼠)

3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，

at home 在家 go to school 去上学

*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：

特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；

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海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；

方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；

船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；

姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。

*零冠词用法口诀：

月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；

三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。

冠词和数词专项练习

一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。

1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school

4) catch ______ bad cold 5) have _____ good time

6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8) ______ spoon

9)_____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser

二、选择填空

is _____ “m” in the word “primary”

A. an B.a D./

is ____ orange bike .

A.a D/

always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper .

A.a,a B,a ,the , a , the

h is ____ useful language in ____ world .

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, the B.a , the , / D./ , the

are going to _____ cinema this evening .

B./ C/a

’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river .

A.a , a , the , a D.a , the

7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit .

, an , a C.A, the , /

was _____ first to come .

B.a D./

you see ____ book on _____ table ?

, a B.a, an , an D.a , the

’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room .

A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / , the

is _____ friend of mine .

B./ D.a

is ____ university near the farm .

A.a D./

died in ____ autumn of 1989 .

A./ C.a

14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much .

A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the , an , the D./ , an , /

is _____ Children’s Day .

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A.a D/

is _____ bag . That is ____ eraser .

A.a, a B.a , an , a D. an , an

四、用代词填空:

1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends .

, you , they , they , we , they , you , you , we

2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ .

, they , us , their , our , theirs , ours , theirs , we

lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ?

, yours , your , you , yourself

4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?”

f

5.____ , ____ and _____ all enjoy music .

, you , I B.I , she , you , she , I D.I , you , she

能力测试卷（冠词和数词）

一、 写出相邻的数词

1. twenty 2. five

3. twelve 4. fifty-eight

5. ninety 6. seventy

7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred

9. one thousand 10. one

二、选择正确答案

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are days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five

C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five

are students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six

C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six

brother is in .

A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One

C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one

was doing some washing .

A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight

C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning

are months in a year. December is the month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth

is the day of the week.

A. seventh B. first C. second D. third

is season in a year.

A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third

was to get to school and I was .

A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth

’s the date today? It’s .

A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4

th

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is the second day, and .

A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth

C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday

第四章 句型

(明白句子意思，多读例句仿写着会用即可)

时态 具体句型

动词做谓语

一般现在时

实意动词做谓语

主语+don’t/doesn’t +其他+.

句子构成

主语+be (am/is / are )+（ not）+其他+.

一、陈述句

定义：

凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。

大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。

肯定句变否定句

肯定句变否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的词

英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的

位置不同

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情态动词+实意动词

现在进行时 动词做谓语

主语+情态动词+（ not）+动词原形+其他+.

主语+be动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+.

陈述句练习

把下列陈述句变成否定句

。

father watches TV every day .

My father _____ ____ TV every day .

often does her homework at six .

Kate ____ often ____ her homework at six.

3.I go to school at seven .

I ___ ____ to school at seven .

usually goes home by bus .

She ____ usually ____ home by bus .

are good students .

They ____ ____ good students .

is clever .

He ____ ____ clever .

has some bread for breakfast every morning .

He ____ ____ ____ bread for breakfast every morning .

8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .

I ___ often ____ ____ tea in the afternoon .

has some eggs .

He ____ ____ ____ eggs .

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likes his new bike .

Kim ____ ____ his new bike .

二、疑问句

疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、

反义疑问句和选择疑问句。

一、一般疑问句：

一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回

答。

（am/is/are） + 主语 + 其它部分?

2.情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它部分?

肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be情态动词.”,否定回答用“No,主语+be情态动词+not.”.be

或情态动词和not可用缩写形式,主要有isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t,can’t,mustn’

t,needn’t等.

Eg1.问句：Is this your English book?

肯答：Yes,it is.

否答：No,it isn`t.

Eg2.问句：Are these your English books?

肯答：Yes,they are.

否答：No,they aren’t.

Eg3.问句：Can you speak English?

肯答：Yes,I can.

否答：No,I can’t.

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另一家族为含行为动词（或称为实义动词）的一般疑问句,其结构为：

助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它?

肯定回答用“Yes,主语+ dodoes.”,否定回答用“No,主语+dondoes not.”.助动

词也常用缩写形式,主要有don’t,doesn’t,didn’t等.

Eg4.问句：Do your parents like English?

肯答：Yes,they do.

否答：No,they don’t.

三、一般疑问句的回答

正如前面所述,回答一般疑问句时有肯定回答和否定回答两种方式,肯定回答以

Yes起句,否定回答用No开头.但对一般疑问句的回答也不是一成不变的.肯定回答

还可以用OK./Certainly.等；否定回答可用Sorry./Sorry,I can`t.等.

Eg5.问句：Can you speak English?

肯答：Certainly Of course.

否答：Sorry,I can’t.

Eg6.I am an English teacher.→ Are you an English teacher?

can speak English fluently.→ Can you speak English fluently?

read English every morning.→ Do you read English every morning?

’s father listens to English on the radio every evening.→

Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?

六、“some”还是“any”?

在一般疑问句中,要表达“一些”时 ,一般用any,但如果这个问句是用来表达“ 建

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议、请求、邀请”等交际功能时 ,应该用some.

there any tea in the cup?

you have any children?

I have some fish?

you like some tea?

we buy some vegetables?

I borrow some money from you?

not have some bread?

about some orange juice?

二、特殊疑问句：

以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首

提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，

不用yes 或no。

1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。

What do you want? 你要什么？

When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？

Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？

How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？

Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？

Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？

Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？

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2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词）+谓

语。

Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？

What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？

Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？

*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。

whose: 用来提问“谁的”。

which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。

what: 提问表示内容“什么”等意思

*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。

where: 提问在何地

why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子“为什么”用“because”回答

how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语“怎么样、怎样”

*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句

how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复

数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词（比如：钱） 表示多少 , how far （表

示距离）多远

疑问句专项练习

按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。

1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式)

______ _______ large rooms.

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2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)

He _______ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.

3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)

Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.

4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)

______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?.

5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问)

________ _______ is the hospital ?

are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ students are there in your class?

7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问)

______ ______ do you write to your mother ?

has three pens. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ pens does he have ?

is ten years old. (就划线部分提问)

________ _______ is she?

10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句)

They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week.

has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句）

______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week?

kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句）

_______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly?

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spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room.

14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句）

________ your brother ________ lunch at the school every day?

the book on the desk.（否定句）

______ ______ the book on the desk.

bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问）

_______ ______ was bought yesterday?

does morning exercises every day. (否定句)

She _______ _______ morning exercises every day.

mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问)

_______ is your mother?

has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句)

_______ she _______ to stay at home.

has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)

_______ Tom ______ lunch at school every day.

三、祈使句

一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话

的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动

词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。（let后动词用原型）

1．肯定祈使句

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句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V.

例句：Let’s go to school.

让我们去上学吧。

Let me try.

让我试一试。

Let him come upstairs.

让他上楼吧。

句型 2：动词 + 其他部分

例句：Please open the door .

请开门。

Turn to page two.

请将书翻到第二页。

Listen to me.

请听我讲。

Stop talking.

别说话。

二、否定祈使句 （一般在句首加 Don’t.）

1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 （肯定句）

Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。 （否定句）

2．Open the door. 打开门。 （肯定句）

Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 （否定句）

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三、陈述句变祈使句

1．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。

Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。

2．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。

Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。

祈使句专项训练

一、 连词成句并改写成否定句。

1． on walk the grass

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

2. ride a here bike

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

二、 按要求改写下列句子

1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句)

_________________________________________________

2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句)

_________________________________________________

wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句)

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_________________________________________________

mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)

_________________________________________________

5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句)

_________________________________________________

四、there be与havehas 句型

一. “There be” 句型

“There be +某 （些）人或物 + 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）有某人

（或某物）”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数

又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。

（一）结构

There be (is are ) +某……

1) There is + ① 可数名词单数

② 不可数名词

2）There are + 可数名词复数

（二）用法

1. 肯定句： There is are + _________.

2. 否定句：There is are + not ____________

3. 一般疑问句：IsAre + there … ? Yes, there is are. No, there is

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are not.

（三）There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。

例， There is an apple and two pears on the table.

There are two pears and an apple on the table.

二、have has 句型

是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)

I We You They 人名（复数）事物（复数）+ have …

He She It 人名（单数） 事物（单数） + has …

句型专项练习题

一、 用“have , there be ” 的适当形式填空

1. He _________ a lot of friends.

2. _________ _________ four seasons in a year.

3. She _________ seven sons.

4. _________ _________ any milk in the cup?

5. Beijing ________ many universities.

6. We _______ a lot of work to do.

7. _________ _________ a book and two pens on the table.

8. They ______ many beautiful flowers.

9. _________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box.

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10. My father ________ a red car.

二、 用适当的词填空

1. He often _______ up ________ six o’clock _______ the morning.

2. What’s wrong ________ your mother?

3. Mary can ________ a kite.

4. There _______ an apple and three bananas in the bag.

三、选择填空

_____ two knives in the pencil – box .

many counties _____ in Europe ?

A. is it there they there

! There ____ some apples in that tree .

A. is

____ some children playing on the playground .

A. is

5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?

-No . ____ any water in it in winter .

A. There isn’t aren’t isn’t aren’ t

____ an apple tree near the river .

A. am

7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?

A. Are

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_____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .

A. are

_____ some oranges on the table .

A. are

____ forty – sixty students in Class _____.

A. have , Three , Three , Third , Third

_____ a table with three legs in Jenny’s room .

A. is

_____ ten deer and a monkey in the photo .

A. is

四、汉译英

5. 在教室里有二十五名男生和三十名女生。

_____________________________________________

6. 在杯里没有一些水。

_____________________________________________

7. 在你的书包里有一本故事书吗？

_____________________________________________

第五章 时态

16种英语时态结构：（小学阶段标红）

1 一般现在时 用动词原形 （或动词+s/es）

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2 一般过去时 用动词过去式

3 现在进行时 be + 动词ing

4 过去进行时 was/were + 动词ing

5 一般将来时 will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形

6 过去将来时 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形

7 现在完成时 have/has + 动词过去分词

8 过去完成时 had + 动词过去分词

9 现在完成进行时 have/has been + 动词ing

10 过去完成进行时 had been + 动词ing

11 一般将来进行时 will be + 动词ing

12 过去将来进行时 would be + 动词ing

13 将来完成时 will have + 动词过去分词

14 过去将来完成时 would have + 动词过去分词

15 将来完成进行时 will have been + 动词ing

16 过去将来完成进行时 would have been + 动词ing

一般现在时

一、一般现在时的定义

一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。

二、一般现在时的结构

一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要+s 或+ es。

现在以连系动词be 和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、

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疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：

动词

be

肯定句

I am …

You/We/They are …

He/She/It is ...

read I/We/You/They read…

He/She/It reads …

动词

be

疑问句

Am I …?

Are you …?

Are we …?

Are they …?

Is he…?

Is she …?

Is it …?

read

Do I / we / they

read …?

Does he / she / it

read … ?

连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只

有与not 缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下

简略答语（肯定）

Yes , you are.

Yes, I am/we are.

Yes, we/you are.

Yes, they are.

Yes, he is.

Yes, she is.

Yes, it is.

Yes, you / we / they

do.

Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it does not.

简略答语（否定）

No, you are not.

No, I am/we are not.

No, we/ you are not.

No, they are not.

No, he is not.

No, she is not.

No, it is not.

No, you / we / they do not.

否定句

I am not …

You/We/They are not …

He/She/It is not …

I/We/You/They/ do not read …

He/She/It does not read …

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肯定

I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

They are

缩写

I’m

You’re

He’s

She’s

It’s

We’re

They’re

否定

I am not

You are not

He is not

She is not

It is not

We are not

They are not

缩写

I’m not

You’re not /You aren’t

He’s not /He isn’t

She’s not /She isn’t

It’s not / It isn’t

We’re not / We aren’t

They’re not / They aren’t

动词do not 的缩写形式为don’t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn’t。

二、 第三人称单数做主语：动词+s 或+es

1． 一般在词尾+s

例：work—works leave --- leaves swim --- swims

2． 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词+es

例：pass--- passes fix ---fixes teach --- teaches do--- does

3． 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再+es

例：study --- studies carry --- carries fly --- flies cry --- cries

三、 一般现在时的用法

1． 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes

（有时）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连

用。

一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day

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( week, month, year,…) , this year, once a week ( month, year,…) 一周（月，年）

一次

例句：I get up at 6 o’clock every day.

He often goes to school by bike.

2． 表示客观事实，普遍真理。

例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

一般现在时态专项练习

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式

post

eat

stop

jump

go

二、 单项选择

( )1._____ you have a book ?

A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have

( ) Li Lei like to watch TV?

______________.

A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn’t.

C. Yes, he’d like. D. No, he likes.

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like

visit

pass

rise

read

ride

have

give

write

swim

study

watch

fly

teach

do

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

( ) doesn’t ______ her homework in the afternoon.

A. doing B. to do C. does D. do

( ) ____ Mr. Smith ______ to England?

A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes

( )5. _____ she ______ home at six every day?

A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left

三、 用下列动词的适当形式填空

1.I ______ ( get ) up at 6 o’clock every day.

father ______ (have) a lovely dog.

______ (go ) to school on foot.

______ (do ) not like watching TV.

______ (play) football every Sunday afternoon.

四、 按要求完成下列各题

ow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句)

_________ ________ Saturday ?

he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答)

Yes, ______ _______.

looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)

_____ she ______ like her sister ?

and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句)

______ they _____ the same ?

they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答)

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No, _______ _______.

五、英汉互译

1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。

__________________________________

2. 我喜欢唱歌。

__________________________________

3. He often goes to school on foot.

__________________________________

4. Children like to play this game.

__________________________________

5. 今天是星期日。

__________________________________

能力测试卷 （一般现在时）

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式

go stop write

have do fly

swim ride play

study cry read

rise go come

二、 用动词的适当形式填空

1. He _______ (go) to school on foot.

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buy

give

watch

work

carry

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

2. She _______ not like watching TV. (do)

3. My father _______ (have) a lovely dog.

4. I often ______ ( get ) up at six every morning.

5. My mother _______ ( work) in a school.

三、 英汉互译

1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。

_____________________________

2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。

______________________________

3. Tom always plays football after school.

______________________________

4．I get up at six o’clock every day.

_______________________________

5. The coat fits (适合) me very well.

_______________________________

现在进行时

一、 现在进行时的定义

现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。

二、 现在进行时的构成

现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（即动词+ing形式）”

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构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说

明：

肯 定 句

I am working.

You are working.

He/She/It is working.

We/You/They are working.

疑 问 句

Am I working?

简 略 答 语

Yes, you are.

No, you are not.

Are we working? Yes, we/ you are.

No, we/ you aren’t.

Are you working?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Yes, we are.

No, we are not.

Is he/she it working ? Yes, he/she/it is.

No, he/she/it is not.

Are they working? Yes, they are.

No, they are not.

否 定 句

I am not working.

You are not working.

He/She/It is not working.

We/You/They are not working.

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三、 现在分词的构成

1. 一般在动词原形末尾+ing。

stay --- staying do --- doing listen --- listening

2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再+ing。

make --- making ride --- riding give --- giving

3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再+ing。

put --- putting sit --- sitting run --- running

4. 以ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉e，把i 变为y，再+ing。

lie --- lying die --- dying

四、 现在进行时的用法

1. 表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now, at this

moment, at present, these days (years), this term … 有时也与look , listen 等连用。

例句：Look, what are the monkeys eating?

看，那些猴子在吃什么？

2. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。

例句：They are running and jumping all the time.

他们一直在跑啊跳啊。

现在进行时态专项练习

一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式

stay __________ work ________

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take _________

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

do __________

listen __________

suffer __________

refuse __________

close __________

operate _________

die _________

spend _________

look _________

make __________

put __________

sit __________

run __________

tie __________

give _________

ride _________

please _________

win _________

begin _________

open _________

lie _________

二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now.

2. Listen! Someone is _______ (play) the piano in the next room.

3. He is __________ (sweep) the floor at the moment.

4. Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table.

5. A: ______ you _______ (study) French ?

B: Yes , I am.

6. She often ____________ (dance) after school.

7. My father and mother ______ ______ (swim) in the pond.

8. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the garden.

9. We are __________ (watch) TV now.

10. Be quiet ! The baby _____ ______ (sleep) now.

三、 改错

1. We are cleanning our classroom. ______________________________

2. She is sing in the next room. ______________________________

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3. What am you doing? ______________________________

4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing.______________________________

5. He often flying kites on Sundays. ______________________________

6. They is reading books now. ______________________________

7. My brother is plays the guitar now. _______________________________

8. Sally is danceing in the room. _______________________________

9. I watching TV at home now. ________________________________

10. Do you listening the radio now? ________________________________

四、 英汉互译

1. 他正在教室里做作业。

______________________________________________

2. We are reading English now.

______________________________________________

3. Peter 和Billy 正在操场上（in the playground）打篮球。

______________________________________________

4. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky.

______________________________________________

5. 公共汽车来了。

______________________________________________

6. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。

______________________________________________

7. He isn’t playing games. He is studying.

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______________________________________________

8. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。

______________________________________________

9. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱).

______________________________________________

10.你们正在做什么?

____________________________________________________

能力测试卷（现在进行时态）

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式

play ________ ________

do ________ ________

put ________ ________

skate ________ ________

fly ________ ________

二、用动词的适当形式填空

1. I am __________(watch) TV now.

2. He ______ ________ (play) in the classroom now.

3. She often __________ (dance) after school.

4. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the park.

5. My parents(父母) ________ (swim) in the pond.

三、改错

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sit ________ ________

stop ________ ________

swim ________ ________

dance ________ ________

lie ________ ________

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

1. I watching TV at home now. ____________________________

2. My father is plays the piano. ____________________________

3． He often flying kites on Sundays. ____________________________

4． They is reading books. _____________________________

5． She is dancing in the room. _____________________________

四、 英汉互译

1．Billy正在教室里做作业。

________________________________________

2． My mother always cleans the house on Saturdays.

_________________________________________

3. 你正在做什么？

_________________________________________

4. 他们没有踢足球，他们在打篮球。

_________________________________________

5. The bus is coming.

________________________________________

现在完成时

一、结构(动词过去分词详见基础词汇分类动词一栏)

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

主语+have/has 动词过去分词

主语+have/has been 动词过去分词

肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+...

否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+...

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+...?

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+动词过去分词+...）

二、用法

1.表示一件事到现在为止完成了并对现在产生影响。

2.表示一种状态一直持续到现在。

现在完成时句子中的常见标志词：already, yet, so far, as yet, lately ,recently,these

days/weeks/years, until now, up to now, since+ 时间点, for+时间段,always, in the

last/past( few years)

has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.

you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?

has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.

4.I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.

5.I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息.

has been in the League for three years.

= It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了.

train has arrived.火车到了.

you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑.

10.I have just turned off the light.我刚刚把灯关上.

一般过去时

一、结构

⑴ be→was— ( am, is 的过去式 )were— ( are 的过去式 )

⑵ 动词 →动词过去式 （详见基础词汇分类总结动词一栏）

二、用法

⑴表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。

I went to the zoo yesterday.

I stayed up last night ..

⑵叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。

This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family .

⑶表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。

He worked in the store for 5 years.

⑷讲故事时用一般过去时，但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。

⑸ used to do sth. 过去常常(习惯)做某事

be used to doing sth 一直习惯做某事

I used to get up early. 我过去常常早起.

I am used to getting up early.我一直都习惯于早起.

三 公式

⑴be→was / were

肯：主语+ was∕were+…

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

否：主语+ wasn’t / weren’t +…

肯疑：Was∕Were +主语 +…?

Yes, 主语+ was∕were.

No, 主语+ wasn’t∕weren’t.

否疑：Wasn’t∕Weren’t + 主语 +…?

Yes, 主语 + was∕were.

No, 主语+ wasn’t∕weren’t.

一般将来时

一、结构

1、will / shall +动词原形

这种方法一般单纯地表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。will用于各

种人称;shall只用于第一人称。 例如 : I will / shall go to visit him next week. 下周我将

去拜访他。

What time shall we go there tomorrow? 明天我们几点去那儿?

2、be going to +动词原形

be going to 相当于一个助动词(其中be有人称和数的变化),与它后面的动词原形一起

构成谓语。用来表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及计划、安排、打算要做

的事。例如: There is going to be a football match this afternoon.今天下午将有一场足球

赛。

二、用法

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

（1）一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。

例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。

Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？

We won’t be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。

Will she come? 她（会）来吗？

We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。

The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。

（2）be going to +动词原形

a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如：

We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。

How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过？

b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

例如：I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。

语法综合练习题(一)

一、 写出下列单词的复数形式

fly

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13. tomato

14. child

15. potato

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

17. radio

二、 汉译英

的手表 ______________ 2.教师节____________________

3.同学们的教室_______________ 4.弟弟的球___________________

三、 用适当的人称代词填空

1. This is _______ (I) book, that is ___________ (she).

2. These are ___________ (they) flowers.

3. ________ (she) brother is six, but ______ (I) is seven.

4. There are many apples in __________ (you) bag.

四、 用a, an填空

1. _________ orange pencil 2. ________ old woman

3. ________baseball 4. ________ hour

五、 写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式

________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________ 4. listen ________ ________

5. draw ________ ________ 6. close ________ ________

六、 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级

七、 用适当介词填空

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

1. There are many pears _________ the tree.

2. He often plays football ________ school.

3. He goes _______ school ________ Sundays.

4. The birds are ________ the tree.

5. There are two pictures _______ the wall.

八、 用动词的适当形式填空

1. My sister often _______ her homework at home. ( do)

2. You must _______ to bed now. (go )

3. He is _________ in the room. (sing)

4. Is she ________ the window now? (clean)

5. May I ________ the door ?(open)

6. She is ________ in Room Two. (dance)

7. He often _________ up late on Sundays. (get)

8. My father usually ________ TV at night. (watch)

9. Mary can __________ books by herself. (read)

10. Sam _________ in the pool. (swim)

九、 按要求改写句子

1. This is a basketball. (改为复数句)

2. She is my mother. (就划线部分提问)

3. There is an orange and four rulers on the table. (同义句)

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

4. Tom plays soccer every day. (否定句)

5. Can you swim? (否定句) ___________________________

6. He is reading a book. He is in the classroom. (改写成一句话)

十、 改错。

1． He writing a letter in the room. _____________________

2． She can swims in the river. ________________________

3． He and I am good friends. _________________________

4． Her father is plays the piano. ______________________

5． There are three windows on the wall. ________________

6． The book is mine sister’s. _________________________

语法综合练习题(二)

一、用am, is ,are填空

1. This ________ an interesting book.

2. I ________ a clever boy.

3. You _______ a good teacher.

4. She _______ a policeman.

5. These ________ their books.

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

6. He and I ________ good friends.

二、用have, there be 的适当形式填空

1. I ________ a computer, and my brother ________ a TV.

2. ________ ________ an apple and two books on the desk.

3. ________ ________ any milk in the glass?

4. ________ ________ any sheep on the farm?

5. She doesn’t _______ a sister.

________ a red bag, but his brother doesn’t ________ one.

三、 根据要求转换句型

is a red car. （变复数句子）

__________________________________________________________

likes reading English books. （变否定句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

3. Mike has lunch at school. （变一般疑问句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

4. The dress is very beautiful. (变感叹句)

______________________________________________________________

_____

5. There are fifteen books on the desk. (划线部分提问)

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

______________________________________________________________

_____

6. You can’t make faces in class. （变祈使句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

7. Put the book on the floor. （变否定句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

8. He has a beautiful bike. （变一般疑问句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

9. She is a good girl. (变感叹句)

______________________________________________________________

_____

10. 他正在屋里唱歌。 （汉译英）

______________________________________________________________

_____

11. He wrote a letter yesterday. （变一般疑问句）

______________________________________________________________

_____

12. She often watches TV after school. （变否定句）

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

______________________________________________________________

_____

13. 他的钢笔比她的漂亮。（汉译英）

______________________________________________________________

_____

语法综合练习题 （三）

一、 写出下列单词的复数形式 （9分）

4. key

5. English

6. brush

7. mouse

8. sheep

9. knife

二、 写出下列单词的单数形式 （9分）

en

2. leaves

flies

5. potatoes

s

s

三、写出下列动词的单数第三人称、过去式和现在分词形式 （10分）

动词

1. go

2. write

单数第三人称

现在分词

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

四、写出下列短语 （10分）

1．回家

2．进来

3．做作业

4．步行

5．起床

6．在家

7．去上学

8．放风筝

9．准时

10．及时

五、用适当的介词填空（10分）

1. What’s wrong __________ your father?

2. Look! There are many birds ________ the tree.

3. Which is the best sport ___________ summer?

you know where she comes __________________?

5. How many people are there ________ your family?

6. Don’t read ________ the sun.

7. It’s time ________ lunch.

8. It’s time _________ go to school.

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

9. I often get up ________ six ________ the morning .

七、选择填空 （10分）

( ) 1. ________ book on the desk is ________ useful one.

A. The , an B. A , a C. The, a

( ) 2. “Where is Mike ?” “I think he is in __________.”

A. Second room B. Room Two C. room second

( ) 3. Who runs __________ in your class?

A. fast B. faster C. fastest

( ) he speak English __________ his brother?

A. as good as B. as well as C. best than

( ) 5. He _________ at 6:30 every morning.

A. often get up B. often gets up C. gets up often

( ) 6. Who is running ______,Lily or Lucy?

A. very slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly

( ) 7. _______ exciting the TV play is !

A. How B. What C. How an D. What an

( ) 8. “Oh, dear! ________ expensive it is!”

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

( ) 9. There _______ a film next week.

A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be

( ) 10. ________ he playing football now?

A. am B. Is C. Dose D. Are

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Or LU

南王平小学艺术节活动总结

八、用动词的适当形式填空。（10分）

1. He is ________ (read) a book now.

2. My sister often _________ (go ) to school at 7: 00.

3. Mary can _________ (ride) a bike.

4. Did you _________ (swim) in a pool yesterday?

5. She _________ (sing) now.

6. What _______ you _______ (do) next Saturday?

7. Tom ___________ (not do ) his homework yesterday.

8. Look. She _______________ (dance) over there.

9. In China, spring___________ (begin) in February.

10. May I __________ (ride ) the bike?

九、改错 （5分）

1. There are some monkeies in the zoo. ____________________

2. The book is my. __________________

3. This is hers ruler. That is mine. __________________

4. She don’t like reading English. _______________

5. Mary have a blue skirt. _________________________

十、句型转换 （15分）

1. Mary often watches TV after school. (否定句)

2. He wrote a letter yesterday evening. ( 一般疑问句)

3. “What is he doing?”

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南王平小学艺术节活动总结

“ He ______________ (fly ) a kite.”

4. Tom has four bikes. (划线部分提问)

5. My father is very well. (划线部分提问)

6. There are some apples in the bag. (否定句)

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